epic...

Are yu ready for an epic post???

I have 20mins up my sleeve so here goes…

yesterday's firing and printing went well and even had a mo in the cool of the evening to get some pavers relaid after the not so handy handy man botch job! mr not so handy laid pavers that are so higgledy piggledy that they had to come up. I am still sifting the sand out of the pebbles that he buried, no idea what was going on there! so now back to plan b which is to lay less pavers and use pebbles for a more natural look with interspersed grasses, should be lovely :)
now back to the studio -  lil birdie is back on the studio set list, check out my instagram feed for loads of studio pics…

fri night's trim session started with blood spillage as I took a chunk outa my finger… my brilliant throwing stool really needs repairs, it needs gluing together as I managed to pinch my finger in the chair leg…so 'blood rule' get outa the studio, clean up the mess and bandaid all together and back to it…. blood soaked bandaid and all coz the trimming must happen!! we have a deadline here people :P

Ooh also I have a fab new humidycrib for my pots, it's a massive ikea shallow tub with lid and it works a treat keeping pots damp pre trimming. I just kept some wet newspaper in there when things were drying out.

Last wkd was the installation of Material World in the forest above gallery1855, a photo shoot that lasted all day despite the downpour, complete with lightning and thunder!  I dashed home for a brolley and completed the day with intermittent runs down to the gallery to hide from said storm :P

Was a fun day and the show continues for another week yet.

I went off to Melbourne a couple of wkds ago for a much needed break and hung out with claysista Adriana Christianson we toured melbs to the max. I did the Ian Potter gallery and Craft on friday after making the airport dash friday morning yes I literally ran for the plane!! Sat & Sun we visited Sue Acheson, cone 11 ceramics and Zac Chalmers, Jane Annois,  Sandra Bowkett and Mon checked out the Box Hill arts centre where AC works, brilliant space! then off to Melbs again for a wander and the National gallery before back home. Epic truly epic, our hosts were just lovely…more tea?! #melbs4wk thanks Adriana for such a fab and whirlwind tour!!!!

and no we aint finished yet….

attached are several studio videos, coz im all about process…head over to my youtube channel for more videos too you'll find me as angwadesign previous bizzo name :P anyhoo blog on and chat soon!!

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New(ish) to Carolina & Not Wanted: Spurred Anoda

Spurred Anoda in Catawba County, NC
Image Date: 9/12//2013

Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata) is poorly documented in the Carolinas and was listed as "rare" and known only from Mecklenburg Co, NC in the Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, Bell, 1964).

The native range of Spurred Anoda is unclear but likely includes the southwestern US, and South America (where it is also considered an agricultural pest). In Mexico, there are numerous references documenting the uses of this species for food and medicine; the plant apparently contains significant amounts of ascorbic acid, retinol, iron, proteins and carbohydrates (see Bautista-Cruz et al., 2011; Journal of Medicinal Plants Research).



In Virginia, the species has been documented relatively widely in the coastal plain but only rarely in the Piedmont (http://www.vaplantatlas.org). An online search of the South Carolina atlas turned up only a single collection. In NC, the second documented report of the species comes from the northern Mountains,  "one of the three adventive species derived from bird seed waste" found growing under a bird feeder near Boone (see Poindexter et al., 2011; Phytoneuron).  I located what appears to be the 3rd known station for the species in NC in the Piedmont region (Catawba County) growing at the margin of a corn field along with a number of other agricultural weeds such as Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), Red Morning Glory (Ipomoea coccinea), and Pigweed (Amaranthus sp.).

Habitat location for Spurred Anoda in Catawba County along Carolina Thread Trail;
plants were growing at the very edge of the corn crop

Surprisingly, given the botanical status mentioned above, Spurred Anoda was listed as one of "Ten Most Troublesome Weeds In Cotton" in both NC and SC (see 2005 Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society, 58).  In the Carolinas, it is unclear if the species is simply overlooked and under-collected by botanists or remains truly rare in NC & SC. The fact that Spurred Anoda appears to spread from commercial seed mixes is troubling and perhaps doesn't bode well for its future status in the state.



In the field, plants have light bluish/lavendar, 5 petaled flowers with radial symmetry, forming in the axils of leaves. Leaves are widest at the base, sometimes developing three lobes. Fruits, sometimes referred to as hemispheric schizocarps, are flattened, circular, segmented structures. Dense hairs are found on the stems, fruits, and less so on the leaves.  This is an annual which apparently spreads well from seed.

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Seed Starting Mixes, Vegetable Seed Flats & Cells and How to Water Vegetable Seed Starts

Seed Starting Mixes, Vegetable Seed Flats & Cells and 

How to Water Vegetable Seed Starts

I will hold videos that show you step by step (Everything!) from seed starting to growing your plants to full size. If you are just learning about gardening, this would be a great channel to subscribe too! I will be making video of all my steps in 2015.

This video talks about what type of vegetable seed starting mix to buy, seed cells and flats, how to prepare the mix and pack the cells and how and when to water your seeds starts. I will be making videos on every step needed to start your own seeds indoors. Planting and lighting videos are next.\

I started a new YouTube Channel that is associated with this G+ Community: Our Tomato and Vegetable Gardens. Is also linked to my G+ Page :The Rusted Garden G+ Page

Join My New YouTube Channel Just for NEW Gardeners: My First Vegetable Garden

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Understanding the Six Macro-Nutrient Garden Fertilizers: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) & Sulfur (S)

Understanding the Six Macro-Nutrient Garden Fertilizers: 

Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), 

Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) & Sulfur (S)

Vegetable garden fertilizers are generally classed as either macro-nutrients or micro-nutrients. There are six major macro-nutrients although we tend to think there are only 3: Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium. There are also Calcium, Magnesium and Sulfur. They are not needed as much as N-P-K in the way of quantity but they have to be present in the soil for your vegetable plants to thrive.

6 Videos on 6 Macro-Nutrient Garden Fertilizers

I did a six video series on the major macro-nutrients to explain to you what they are, what they do, how they work, how you can add them to your soil and give you recommendations on how to best use them or manage them. My goal is to provide you with information and principles that you can adapt to your own garden needs. Gardens vary greatly around the world. There is no exact recipe for the perfect fertilized garden soil.

Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) are what we most often see on fertilizer packaging. They sometimes can be needed in larger quantity and can be lacking in heavily used soils. Remember compost and organic matter are the keys to keeping your garden healthy. I provide a lot information about N-P-K but also make recommendations and one of them is... that you don't over use them! Use less!

There are 3 more macro-nutrients. Although they are needed in less quantity, they are essential for your vegetable plants to fully thrive. There are a lot of easy ways to add these fertilizers to your garden. Epsom Salts which is magnesium sulfate will add  both Magnesium (Mg) and Sulfur (S) to your garden. I explain what Ca-Mg-S do and how much of each you might really need in your vegetable gardens.

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How to Roast Garden Brussels Sprouts: Brine, Roast and Broil

How to Roast Garden Brussels Sprouts: 

Brine, Roast and Broil

I once disliked Brussels Sprouts until I started growing them in my vegetable garden. They are a hardy vegetable that can take frost and a freeze. Today 11/24, here in Maryland Zone 7, I picked a bunch of Sprouts after a week of freezing temperatures. They survived perfectly. They are sweeter with the cold and freeze! This is how I brine them, roast them and broil them.

Roasted Garden Brussels Sprouts and Kale Salad

I ate my Brussels Sprouts with a kale salad that was also picked from my fall garden. Kale is another cool season crop that can take a frost. It does very well over-wintering here in Maryland Zone 7.

Brussels Sprouts Sitting in a Brine

Soak your Brussels Sprouts in a warm water salt brine for about 30 minutes. Let the salty water seep into the center of the sprouts. You can add garlic powder if you want. You can also make it an apple juice brine if you want to add some sweetness. Season the brine how you wish.

30 Minutes in a Warm Water Salt Brine

Salt, Pepper, Olive Oil and a Pyrex Baking Dish

Put them in a Pyrex or other type of baking dish with a size that mostly lets them lay flat. Cover them with a nice thin line of olive oil making sure your touch each one. Lightly salt and pepper them to your taste.  Roast them at 400 degrees Fahrenheit for 30 minutes. Check them 15 minutes in and mix them around and roll them over.

Brussels Sprouts Roasted at 400 F for 30 Minutes

They are going to steam a little bit from the brine. That will soften them up and they will begin to caramelize slightly as they sit roasting. Make sure you put the dish in the middle of the oven.

Brussels Sprouts Broiled for 2-3 Minutes then Plated

After 30 minutes, mix them up again and broil them for about 2-3 minutes. Watch them carefully each minute as ovens tend to broil differently. You don't want them to burn, just caramelize a bit more. Stir them one more time and broil them again for another 2-3 minutes.

Keep an Eye on the Broiling.... Delicious!

ENJOY!

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Large-flowered Milkweed (Asclepias connivens)

Large-flowered Milkweed is one of the more distinctive milkweeds of the southeastern states, due to the unusually large, deeply cupped, individual flowers, that may reach nearly an inch across.

Individual flower (corona) of Asclepias connivens, displaying the "connivent" hood

Phylogentically, A. connivens is intermixed with African Milkweed species in clades developed by Fishbein (1996), providing some suggestion that our North American species may be derived from Africa; perhaps this implies this is also one of our more ancient species?

Large-flowered milkweed is a relatively narrow southeastern coastal plain endemic, ranging from extreme southeastern SC through coastal GA, into extreme southern AL, and across most of Florida, In the northern Florida panhandle, Asclepias connivens can be found in poorly drained, silty soil habitats that have been called wet flatwoods or prairies (Carr 2007); these sites have sparse tree canopies and well developed herbaceous layers.  The images included here are from two regularly burned sites taken on the same date. Plants at the most recently burned site were somewhat delayed in flowering compared to the site burned earlier in the season.

A. connivens coming into bloom in
standing water, recently burned savanna
(July 04, 2014)

A. connivens flowering in dense sward of grasses and herbs
under sparse canopy of longleaf pine
(July 04, 2014)

One of the sites could also be called a "wet savanna".  It had a sparse tree canopy of longleaf pine and a few Pond Cypress (Taxodium ascendans), including the two tallest stems shown in the midground below.  Some naturally occurring slash pine (Pinus elliotii) were present (seeding in from the adjacent forested wetland), but most of the smaller stems were killed by the last prescribed fire. In addition to numerous stems of Large-flowered Milkweed other notable species included Toothache Grass (Ctenium aromaticum), Parrot Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia psittacina), Pale Grass Pink (Calopogon pallidus), and Tracy's Sundew (Drosera tracyi)

Awesome wet savanna on St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge
Thanks to Jeff Glitzenstein for getting me there!

References:

Carr, S.C. 2007. Floristic and Environmental Variation of Pyrogenic Pinelands in the Southeastern Coastal Plain: Description, Classification, and Restoration. PhD Dissertation.

Fishbein, M.  1996. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Asclepias and the Role of Pollinators in the Evolution of the Milkweed Inflorescence.  PhD Dissertation.

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How to Effectively Use Eggshells to Make a Vegetable Garden Slug/Snail Barrier

How to Effectively Use Eggshells to Make 

A Vegetable Garden Slug/Snail Barrier

Eggshells can be effective barriers that will stop snails and slugs from getting to your vegetable garden plants. However, you have to build the right barrier with eggshells crushed to the right size.

The sharp edges of the eggshells irritate the skin of the pests. The barrier has to be wide enough to stop a slug from stretching over it and you have to put enough eggshells down so the snails can't work their way through it.

Making a Garden Snail/Slug Eggshell Barrier

This video shows you the general size to crush the eggshells and explains the general principle for making the barrier. Remember your barrier has to maintain itself even after a heavy rain. If your eggshell particles are two small they will be washed into the soil. If they are two big, the snails and slugs will be able to go over them with out getting deterred.

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A few Southeastern Coastal Plain endemics

Shiny Woodoats (Chasmanthium nitidum)
Wet hardwood hammock,
limestone close to surface
St. Marks NWR, July 2014 

Probably the rarest Woodoats grass or Chasmanthium species in North America, the natural range of Shiny Woodoats (Chasmanthium nitidum) is almost entirely found in Florida. The grass barely finds its way into NC where it is considered threatened, being known only from Pender County. 

Chasmanthium latifolium;
the most widespread member of the genus

Scareweed (Baptisia simplicifolia)
Pine Flatwoods, regularly burned
St. Marks NWR, July 2014

One of the Wild Indigos,  or sometimes called "Scareweed", Baptisia simplicifolia is a narrow endemic confined to a couple counties in north Florida's panhandle.

Limited to open pinelands, this is one of the many fire-adapted species found in longleaf pine flatwoods. At the end of the growing season, stems break off above ground and the plant blows around like tumbleweed, helping to distribute seeds still found in the capsules. The vast majority of the world's population is found on the Apalachicola National Forest.

   

Eurybia eryngiifolia 
Apalachicola National Forest
July 2014

Bristly heads and leaves of Eurybia eryngiifolia

                                                                                                                     












Thistle-leaved Aster (Eurybia eryngiifolia) is nearly endemic to the Florida panhandle, just barely extending into adjacent Georgia & Alabama. It is another pine flatwoods & fire-adapted species, closely associated with longleaf pine.  The scientific epithet (eryngiifolia) is a clear reference to the vegetative similarity to Rattlesnake Master (Eryngium yuccifolium)

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Green Silky Scale

Green Silky Scale (Anthaenantia villosa) is a southeastern coastal plain endemic grass species, ranging from eastern Texas to Florida and northward into NC.

A. villosa upright habit and dense, flowering panicle
Note charred longleaf bole and open wiregrass dominated habitat
Image date: Nov 06, 2012

In our area I have observed it only in recently burned longleaf-wiregrass habitats in the inner coastal plain and sandhills regions. Within these generally dry, deep sandy soil sites, the grass occurs in gentle depressions (sometimes called "bean dips") or gentle, almost imperceptibly subtle slopes which are slightly moister than the surrounding uplands.

It occurs in dense swards of grasses where it can be easily overlooked unless flowering. Like a number of other species in these habitats, it may only flower (or at least most profusely) the growing season immediately after burning and may increase as a result. Kush et al. 2000 (in Alabama longleaf pine) documented much greater frequency for this species in biennially burned stands as compared to unburned stands with the greatest frequencies in summer and winter burn units.

Green Silky Scale (foreground), amidst dense wiregrass (Aristida stricta)
Sampson Co., NC (October 20,2011)

Silky Scale clumps turning color in Fall
Nov 06, 2014

                                                                       

Silky scale develops small rhizomatously spreading clumps which appear to expand slowly. Basal leaves are narrow, smooth, and tapering to a narrow tip. According to Grelen & Duvall (1966) leaves are nutritious and palatable forage.

Inflorescences form tight, narrow panicles on upright stems (maybe 3.5' tall) late in the growing season. Individual spikelets are densely pubescent and tightly packed along the upper 8 or so inches of the stem (See image right).

References:

Grelen and Duvall 1966, Common Plants of Longleaf Pine - Bluestem Range, Southern Forest Experiment Station Publication

Kush, J.S., R.S. Meldahl, and W.D. Boyer. 2000. Understory Plant Community Responseto Season of Burn in Natural Longleaf Pine Forests. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 21:33-39

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Flooded Pitchers

                                                                                              

Top Image: Mountain Sweet Pitcher (Sarracenia jonesii), Small tubes completely underwater, larger tubes barely emergent

Bottom Image: Purple Mountain Pitcher (Sarracenia purpurea var. montana) , Large rosette completely submerged by flowing water.. 

Both images taken October, 14, 2014.

Previous posts have introduced these Pitcher Plants, which occur on frequently saturated "boggy" substrate. I imagine they are rarely submerged, however, these images document this can happen. This Fall (October 2014), the site experienced a heavy rainfall (approximately 6"), causing an adjacent stream to spill over its banks and directly impact some individuals of both species. Surface water levels receded quickly and the next day there was no standing water remaining.

Both are important conservation targets due to their localized distributions, restricted habitat, very limited numbers of known populations and inherent risk for extirpation. Gaining a better understanding of the hydrology of occupied and historic sites may help us determine ways to permanently protect, and ultimately increase the populations.

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Understanding Garden Nitrogen: Products, Organic vs. Synthetic, Use and Strategies

Understanding Garden Nitrogen: Products, Organic vs. Synthetic, Use and Strategies

Nitrogen is a macro-nutrient which means it is a main element all plants need to grow. Without it, you can't really have a thriving garden. The earth's atmosphere is made up of nearly 80% nitrogen but plants can't use nitrogen in that form. It must be fixed or transformed into a form the plants can absorb and use. Nitrogen can be changed biologically or chemically. Biological forms are often called organic nitrogen. Chemically processed nitrogen is often called synthetic. Ammonia is the basis for chemical fertilizers.

Understanding Nitrogen Fertilizer - TRG 2014

I made this video to help you understand the different forms of nitrogen available for your garden. I use both organic and synthetic forms of fertilizers. I also use compost and nitrogen fixing legumes like beans, red clover and peas. I believe is in using garden fertilizers in and educated and purposeful way. My recommendation is you use less than is suggest. I feel we are all guided to over fertilize when it really isn't needed.

Plants can't tell the difference between the different forms of nitrogen. The main difference between synthetic and organic fertilizers is that synthetics do nothing for soil structure or the micro-organisms in the soil. Organic fertilizers generally feed your plants and the life in your soil. This video shows you a lot about what else.... nitrogen fertilizer.

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Florida Paspalum - Where o where has it gone?

Florida Paspalum with stigmas and anthers (9/07/14)

Florida Paspalum (Paspalum floridanum) is one of our premier native, warm season grasses. Tall & robust, reaching heights of ~ 5 ', it produces large mature spikelets and seeds. These seeds are (or were) important food sources for quail, doves, and turkeys (Grelen and Duvall 1966).

Ranging throughout most of the lower eastern US, Florida Paspalum occurs and occasionally becomes dominant in a range of high quality, remnant habitats. A few of these include:

• Florida dry prairies (Orzell & Bridges 2006) 
• Texas Blackland prairies (Collins et al. what date), 
• Arkansas & Missouri tallgrass prairies (Ruby 1953, Kelting 1982)
• Longleaf pine forests & savannas of Georgia (Drew etal. 198), se LA (Roth et al. 2008)) and east Texas (Phillips et al. 2007)
• Coastal or "cajun" prairies of south Louisiana  (Allen et al. 2001) 
• Calcareous prairies of Georgia (Echols & Zomlefer 2010), Mississippi (Campbell & Seymour 2011) and Louisiana (Allen et al. 2004)

In Illinois, Verts (1965) found that all (remaining) stands of P. floridanum occurred within 25 yards of railroad rights-of-way, suggesting the sorry state of prairie-like remnants in that state.

In the North Carolina Piedmont, I have observed this species in the only frequently burned longleaf pine forest remaining in the state (near Troy, NC) and in a few remnant burned woodlands near Durham, one of which has been burned biennially for 10 years. It is also found on open roadsides such as the one shown below.

Florida Paspalum (8-13-14) on floristically rich roadside remnant in Granville Co, NC

P. floridanum in biennially burned "savanna" (9/09/13)

                                       
At a distance, the young leaves often display a bluish cast, reminiscent of Rattlesnake Master (Eryngium yuccifolium).

This tall grass species occurs with the remnant & disjunct prairie flora under the power-lines known as Picture Creek Diabase Barrens where Stanley (2013) listed it as "infrequent".  Interestingly, P. floridanum is apparently absent from a number of sites where other major prairie grasses are found in the southern Piedmont (Tompkins et al. 2010a, Tompkins 2013), as well as the infamous Suther Prairie (Tompkins et al. 2010b). Perhaps most surprisingly, it was not identified in a recent floristic study of 31 "rural rights-of-way" across the Piedmont (Adams 2012), a study region which including the locations of the pictures included on this page.



As P. floridanum begins to bolt and flower, spikelets emerge seemingly from the midst of the main stem leaves. They eventually overtop the stems but remain tightly arranged around the main stem (left below), later developing much more spreading (3-7 or so) branches (right below).  

P. floridanum bolting (9-07-2014), some nearby inflorescences already spreading

Following images: (left): 8/13/14 Granville Co, NC, (right): 9/07/14 Durham Co, NC

                                                                                                                                                       

Paspalum floridanum spreading branches have begun to droop (8-23-14),
 note abundant bluish lower leaves in background

References:

Adams, N.S. 2012. A Synthesis of Rights-of-way Native Plant Communities: 
Identifying Their Relevance to Historical and Contemporary Piedmont Savannas. Unpublished MS thesis.
Allen C.M., S. Thames, and L. Chance, and C. Stagg. 2004. Proc. 19th North American Prairie Conference 19-22.
Allen C.M., M. Vidrine, B.Borsari, and L. Allain.  2001. Proc. 17th North American Prairie Conference 35-41.
Campbell, J.J.N., and W.R. Seymour. The Vegetation of Pulliam Prairie, Chickasaw County, Mississippi: a Significant Remnant of Pre-Columbian Landscape in the Black Belt. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences 56:248-263.
Collins, O.B., F.E. Smeins, D.H. Riskind. Plant Communities of the Blackland Prairie of Texas.
Drew, M.B. L. K. Kirkman, and A. K. Gholson.  The Vascular Flora of Ichauway, Baker County, Georgia: A Remnant Longleaf Pine/Wiregrass Ecosystem. Castanea 63: 1-24.
Echols, L, and W.B. Zomlefer. 2010. Vascular Plant Flora of the Remnant Blackland
Prairies in Oaky Woods Wildlife Management Area, Houston County, Georgia. Castanea 75:78-100
Grelen and Duvall 1966, Common Plants of Longleaf Pine - Bluestem Range, Southern Forest Experiment Station Publication
Kelting, R. W. 1982. The Wah-Sha-She Prairie near Asbury, Jasper County, Missouri. Proc. 8th North American Prairie Conference 80-83.
Orzell & Bridges 2006.  Floristic Composition of the South-Central Florida Dry Prairie Landscape.  Proceedings of the Florida Dry Prairie Conference.
Phillips, T.C., S. B. Walker, B.R. & M.H. MacRoberts. 2007. Vascular Flora of a Longleaf Pine Upland in Sabine County, Texas. Phytologia 89:317-338.
Roth, et al. 2008. How Important is Competition in a species rich savanna. Ecoscience; 94-100
Ruby, E.S. 1958. http://dante.ddns.uark.edu/aas/issues/1953v6/v6a8.pdf
Stanley, J. S. 2013. Guide to the Vascular Flora of Picture Creek Diabase Barrens (Granville County, North Carolina). Unpublished MS Thesis.
Tompkins, R.D., W.C. Stringer, K.H. Richardson, E.A. Mikhailova and W.C. Bridges, Jr. 2010a. Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii: Poaceae) communities in the Carolinas: Composition and ecological factors. Rhodora 112:378-395.

Tompkins, R.D., C.M. Luckenbaugh, W.C. Stringer,K.H. Richardson, E.A. Mikhailova and W.C. Bridges, Jr. 2010b. Suther Prairie: Vascular flora, species richness and edaphic factors. Castanea 75:232-244.

Tompkins, R.D. 2013. Prairie-relict communities of a Piedmont monadnock. Castanea 78:185-197.
Verts, B.J. 1965. Notes on the ecology of Paspalum floridanum in Illinois. American Midland Naturalist 73

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